Tanaman Betik / Salak

CAUTION died of disease impairment paswamp
Healthy Produce quality papaya tree.

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Fruit rich in vitamin B2, C and beta-carotene popular and eaten fresh by the public. Fruit not only have good demand from local consumers, but also have potential for export to countries like China, Japan, Europe and America.

Now, the crops of papaya and papaya industry from a disease that threatened the country known as the dead of disease or dieback disease impairment.

The disease is caused by the bacterium Erwinia papayae and cause serious damage to trees and fruit yield loss of up to 100 percent.

All varieties of papaya that is Eksotika, Hong Kong, Jakarta and Sekaki be Attacked by Diseases and Diseases of papaya die impairment detected occurred in almost all states in Peninsular Malaysia.

Symptoms

Died of disease attacks all parts of this diminution in papaya plants, including shoots, Leaves, leaf, stem and fruit.

There are signs in clear parts of the papaya crop is a Attacked by the disease die of this impairment.

* Shoot

There are signs lecuh wet (water-Ferrari) and nekrotik black on the Leaves and the stems. Rot Terkulai and shoot later.

* Leaves

Leaves wet lecuh visible signs on the side and end. Veins and the veins become nekrotik black.

* Leaf fronds

There are signs of wet and nekrotik lecuh black at the end of the frond. Terkulai finally Leaves.

* Stem

There are signs of wet lecuh on papaya trees are Attacked by the disease die of this impairment.

* Fruit

There are black spots on the skin, while the Pulp type a lecuh wet.

How to spread

Papayae Erwinia bacteria live in soil. This bacteria can spread from one area to another area by land and water and attack Healthy papaya tree.

Cause of disease or pathogens in soil also can be carried by people and vehicles.

What to do?

Died of disease impairment was gazetted as a dangerous disease under the Plant Quarantine Act 1976.

Farmers are required to check the papaya seedling in nurseries and newly Planted trees and papaya trees and a large papaya fruits each week.

If seedling or papaya trees showed signs of impairment died of disease, Destroy it immediately.

The aim is to prevent the disease spreading from one field to another field and a threat to the papaya crop industry of the country.

How to Destroy the diseased plants

For small farms, and papaya Trees Planted around the house, cut the papaya Trees are diseased and Exploration out with its roots.

Dump the parts that are cut and then baked.

Besides fire, parts of diseased papaya trees can be cut into a hole and the landfill.

For large papaya farms, machinery used to dig out diseased papaya plants with the roots and then piled up in one place, Burned or put into a large hole using equipment and landfill.

Fines

Pursuant to the Section 11 of the Plant Quarantine Act 1976, the Farmers who refused to Destroy the crops of papaya under Attack by the disease died Guilty of impairment is considered an offense and is liable to a fine of up to RM10, 000.

Want to grow papayas?

If you want to grow papayas, follow the Good Agricultural Practices are recommended.

Choose a planting area with no diminution in the disease die, and avoid planting in areas that have experienced the disease for a year.

Make sure you use seeds and seedling of papaya Healthy and free of disease off of this impairment.

You are advised to always check your pawpaw trees and destroy them immediately if THEY are found to be Attacked by the disease die of this impairment.

Do not let the fruit that Fell and damaged in the field because it can be the cause of this diminution in death spread of disease. Collect and Destroy.

Papaya Trees give you enough fertilizer and remove weeds that found in the papaw tree farm to grow fit and are in good health.

Died of disease impairment can also be spread by farm equipment such as hoe and Machete.

As such, it should be cleaned with a disinfectant after use.

Similarly, the basket-the basket should be cleaned with water before being brought into the field to be filled with fruit.

Provide a site filled with cleaning materials basmi germs at the entrance to the farm to Clean the Tires of vehicles entering the farm.

This is because the disease died this impairment can also spread through the land attached to the vehicle Tires.

Finally, do not allow visitors and vehicles entering the field is not applicable.


Produce quality Mardi clones salak
By SULAIMAN KHAIRUNNISA
Hashim abu bakar clone shows salak salak new and potential downstream products commercialized.

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Fruit can be classified as exotic plants Grown increasingly popular, especially on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Demand for fruit growing opportunity for Farmers to increase income.

However, at this time, salak rather stunted growth due to industry shortages of quality planting materials.

Salak plants present method is to use seeds, but this method resulted in low rates and quality of trees is not uniform.

Thus the Institute of Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) conduct research to find quality salak plants.

Variations

Senior Research Officer, Research Station MARDI Rattan, Terengganu, Hashim Abu Bakr said, the use of seeds resulted in a variation in color, size, shape and content of fruit.

"Studies show that the use of vegetative planting materials to Ensure gender salak trees and fruit production of high quality and uniform," he said when found in MARDI Headquarters, Serdang, Selangor.

Hashim said the study started in 1990, the Emphasis on two key aspects of Developing breeding techniques and selecting and evaluating salak salak best local breeds.

Since that date, the technique of plant breeding has produced salak.

"Vegetative propagation techniques developed include the use of children stem, stem cutting technique, techniques, and parts of the induction technique.

"Technique is the technique of the breeding of the latest salak braced and has been recommended for salak seedling selected for Evaluation Purposes," he said.

Studies conducted since 19 years ago managed to Produce three clones best known as the Fruit City of ST1, ST2 and ST3.

Induction technique performed on the concept of "removal of apical Dominance" by Killing the meristem cells to promote production of the parent tree climbing using diesel oil.

Parent trees, clear Hashim, the salak trees that have been identified gender and quality.

"Parent Trees selected must meet conditions, such as the age of the six to eight months, the size of the trunk two to three centimeters (cm) and height of 20 to 30 cm." he said.

Induction process carried out by Removing the new shoots of the parent tree to open up two point of diesel fuel.

Droplets of diesel fuel sufficient to turn off the cell in the meristem and the parent tree growth.

Parent trees

At the same time, it is clear Hashim, a new stem will come out and the parent plant will start producing five to 10 suckers in two to three months after it braced.

Stem THAT HAS rooted and held four to six months later separated from the parent tree.

"All breeds are selected and assessed as potentially suitable for planting in commercial and efforts should be made to propagate these clones and distributed to Farmers for Commercialization," he said.

On the whole, the three new clones ST1, ST2 and ST3 are better quality than local salak bred by seed.

In addition to producing fruits of uniform, quality of fruit produced much better.

Fruit taste sweeter the more Dense substance. ST clone has a taste for three in a sweet, Sour and a little more substantial chelate and the more Dense and berjus.

Salak PRIVILEGE clones are all of the principal crops produced are females.

This will Ensure an increase in revenue compared to the use of local seeds.